Motivaciones de uso de las redes sociales para el desarrollo del capital social de las mujeres de entorno rural
Contenido del artículo principal
Resumen
Estudios previos han mostrado los riesgos de exclusión digital de comunidades rurales y personas mayores y cómo las motivaciones de uso influyen en las prácticas y hábitos de uso de las tecnologías. Con este trabajo queremos analizar cómo las motivaciones, que impulsan a las mujeres adultas de entorno rural a usar las redes sociales, favorecen el desarrollo de su capital social potenciando diferentes formas de participación en la cultura digital. Partiendo de una investigación más amplia sobre 478 mujeres andaluzas de zonas rurales de 18 a 65 años, este trabajo presenta un estudio cualitativo en profundidad de 13 de ellas mediante entrevistas autobiográficas sobre su experiencia en las redes. Los resultados muestran que el uso de las redes sociales descubre oportunidades de participación social vinculadas a diversas inquietudes, revelando las redes sociales como un espacio significativo para promover su participación en la vida cultural y social de sus comunidades.
Palabras clave
motivos de uso, capital social, redes sociales, estudios de las mujeres, mujer rural
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Vega Caro, Luisa, Alba Vico Bosch, y Ángeles Rebollo Catalán. 2015. Motivaciones De Uso De Las Redes Sociales Para El Desarrollo Del Capital Social De Las Mujeres De Entorno Rural. Revista ICONO 14. Revista Científica De Comunicación Y Tecnologías Emergentes 13 (2), 142-62. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v13i2.839.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional.
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Arteaga, R., Cortijo, V. & Javed, U. (2014). Students’ perceptions of Facebook for academic purposes. Computers & Education, 70, 138-149. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.012
Baker, P., Bricout, J., Moon, N., Coughlan, B. & Pater, J. (2013). Communities of participation: A comparison of disability and aging identified groups on Facebook and LinkedIn. Telematics and Informatics, 30, 22-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2012.03.004
Bimber, B. (2000). Measuring the Gender Gap on the Internet. Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), 868-876.
Bradley, N., & Poppen, W. (2003). Assistive technology, computers and internet may decrease sense of isolation for homebound elderly and disabled persons. Technology and Disability, 15(1), 19-25.
Braun, M. T. (2013). Obstacles to social networking website use among older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 673-680. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.004
Carpenter, B. D. & Buday, S. (2007). Computer Use among Older Adults in a Naturally Occurring Retirement Community. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 3012-3024. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2006.08.015
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Dias, I. (2012). O uso das tecnologías digitais entre os seniores. Motivaçoes e intereses. Sociología, problemas e práticas, 68, 51-77. doi: 10.7458/SPP201268693
DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Celeste, C. & Shafer, S. (2004). Digital Inequality: From Unequal Access to Differentiated Use. In K. Neckerman (Ed.), Social Inequality, (pp. 355-400). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Falk, I. & Kilpatrick, S. (2000). What is social capital? A study of interaction in a rural community. Sociologia Ruralis, 40(1), 87-110.
García, A., López de Ayala, M.C. & Catalina, B. (2013). Hábitos de uso en Internet y en las redes sociales de adolescentes españoles. Comunicar, 41, 195-204. doi: 10.3916/C41-2013-19
Godfrey, M. & Johnson, O. (2009). Digital circles of support: Meeting the information needs of older people. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 633-642. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.016
Greenhow, C. & Gleason, B. (2012). Twitteracy: Tweeting as a New Literacy Practice. The Educational Forum, 76(4), 464-478. doi: 10.1080/00131725.2012.709032
Greenhow, C. & Burton, L. (2011). Help from my “friends”: Social capital in the social network sites of low-income students. J. Educational Computing Research, 45(2), 223-245. doi: 10.2190/EC.45.2.f
Greenhow, C. & Robelia, B. (2009). Informal learning and identity formation in online social networks. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 119-140. doi: 10.1080/17439880902923580
Hall, R. (2009). Towards a Fusion of Formal and Informal Learning Environments: the Impact of the Read/Write Web. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 7(1), 29-40.
Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital Na(t)ives? Variation in Internet Skills and Uses among Members of the «Net Generation». Sociological Inquiry, 80(1), 92-113. Doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x
Herrero, J., Meneses, J., Valente, L. & Rodríguez, F. (2004). Participación social en entornos virtuales. Psicothema, 16(3), 456-460.
Hew, K. F. & Cheung, W. S. (2012). Use of Facebook: a case study of Singapore students’ experience. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 32(2), 181-196. doi: 10.1080/02188791.2012.685560
Hilbert, M. (2011). Digital gender divide or technologically empowered women in developing countries? A typical case of lies, damned lies, and statistics. Women's Studies International Forum, 34(6), 479-489. doi: 10.1016/j.wsif.2011.07.001
Huber, L. & Watson, C. (2014). Technology: Education and Training Needs of Older Adults. Educational Gerontology, 40(1), 16-25. doi: 10.1080/03601277.2013.768064
Jiménez-Cortés, R., “Autora 3”, A., García-Pérez, R. & Buzón-García, O. (en prensa). Motivos de uso de las redes sociales virtuales: análisis de perfiles de mujeres rurales. RELIEVE.
Joinson, N. A. (2008). Looking at’, ‘Looking up’ or ‘Keeping up with’ People? Motives and uses of Facebook. CHI 2008 Proceedings: 1027-1036.
Kilpatrick, S., Field, J. & Falk, I. (2003). Social Capital: an analytical tool for exploring lifelong learning and community development. British Educational Research Journal, 29(3), 417-433. doi: 10.1080/0141192031000156024
Kollock, P. & Smith, M.A. (2003). Comunidades en el ciberespacio. Barcelona: UOC.
LaRose, R., Gregg, J. L., Strover, S., Straubhaar, J. & Carpenter, S. (2007). Closing the rural broadband gap: Promoting adoption of the Internet in rural America. Telecommunications Policy, 31, 359-373. doi: 10.1016/j.telpol.2007.04.004
Lin, K. & Lu, H. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1152-1161. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009
Livingstone, S. & Helsper, E. (2007). Gradations in digital inclusion: Children, young people, and the digital divide. New Media and Society, 9(4), 671-696. doi: 10.1177/1461444807080335
Mayorga, M. J. (2004). La entrevista cualitativa como técnica de la evaluación de la docencia universitaria. RELIEVE, 10 (1), 23-39.
Meyers, E. M., Erickson, I. & Small, R. V. (2013). Digital literacy and informal learning environments: an introduction. Learning, Media and Technology, 38(4), 355-367. doi: 10.1080/17439884.2013.783597
Muscanell, N. & Guadagno, R. (2012). Make new friends or keep the old: Gender and personality differences in social networking use. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 107-112. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.08.016
Novo-Corti, I., Varela-Candamio, L. & García-Álvarez, T. (2014). Breaking the walls of social exclusion of women rural by means of ICTs: The case of “digital divides” in Galician. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 497-507. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.017
Papacharissi, Z. & Mendelson, A. (2011). Toward a new(er) sociability: uses, gratifications and social capital on Facebook. In S. Papathanassopoulos (Ed.), Media Perspectives for the 21st Century. New York: Routledge (pp. 212-230).
Pfeil, U., Arjan, R. & Zaphiris, P. (2009). Age differences in online social networking – A study of user profiles and the social capital divide among teenagers and older users in MySpace. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 643-654. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.015
Plan de inclusión digital y empleabilidad (2013). Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Turismo. Recuperado de http://www.agendadigital.gob.es/planesactuaciones/Bibliotecainclusion/1.%20Plan/Plan-ADpE-7_Inclusion-Empleabilidad.pdf
Sánchez-Franco, M. J., Buitrago-Esquinas, E. M. & Hernández-Mogollón, J. M. (2012). Antecedentes sociales y psicológicos del compromiso comunitario. Un análisis del comportamiento del usuario de una red social de relaciones. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, 15, 205-220. doi: 10.1016/j.cede.2012.04.007
Sancho, J. M. (2009). Dones a la ciència i la universitat: la construcció de la identitat docent i investigadora en contextos de desigualtat. Barcelona: AGAUR.
Simsek, E. & Simsek, A. (2013). New Literacies for Digital Citizenship. Contemporary Educational Technology, 4(2), 126-137.
Sloep, P. & Berlanga, A. (2011). Redes de aprendizaje, aprendizaje en red. Comunicar, 37(19), 55-64. doi: 10.3916/C37-2011-02-05
Straubhaar, J., Spence, J., Tufekci, Z. & Lentz, R. (Eds.) (2012). Inequity in the technopolis. Race, Class, Gender, and the Digital Divide in Austin. University of Texas Press.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. London: Sage.
Tosun, L. P. (2012). Motives for Facebook use and expressing ‘‘true self’’ on the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1510-1517. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.018
van Dijk, J. (2005). The deepening divide: inequality in the information society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pub.
Vázquez-Gómez, G. (2003). Sociedad-red, ciudadanía cognitiva y educación. Revista de Educación, núm. extraordinario, 13-31.
Vergés, N., Hache, A. & Cruells, E. (2011). Indagando en la relevancia de Internet en el acceso, uso y deseos de las TIC por parte de las mujeres en las TIC. TESI, 12(2), 105-121.
Wagner, I., Birbaumer, A. & Tolar, M. (2003). Widening Women’s Work in Information and Communication Technology. Professional trajectories and Biographies. Information Society Technologies Programme (IST Fifth Framework Programme, European Commission, DG Information Society).
Yang, C. C & Brown, B. (2013). Motives for Using Facebook, Patterns of Facebook Activities, and Late Adolescents. Social Adjustment to College. J Youth Adolescence, 42, 403–416. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9836-x
Area, M. & Pessoa, T. (2012). De lo sólido a lo líquido: las nuevas alfabetizaciones ante los cambios culturales de la Web 2.0. Comunicar, 38(19), 13-20. doi: 10.3916/C38-2012-02-01
Arteaga, R., Cortijo, V. & Javed, U. (2014). Students’ perceptions of Facebook for academic purposes. Computers & Education, 70, 138-149. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.012
Baker, P., Bricout, J., Moon, N., Coughlan, B. & Pater, J. (2013). Communities of participation: A comparison of disability and aging identified groups on Facebook and LinkedIn. Telematics and Informatics, 30, 22-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2012.03.004
Bimber, B. (2000). Measuring the Gender Gap on the Internet. Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), 868-876.
Bradley, N., & Poppen, W. (2003). Assistive technology, computers and internet may decrease sense of isolation for homebound elderly and disabled persons. Technology and Disability, 15(1), 19-25.
Braun, M. T. (2013). Obstacles to social networking website use among older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 673-680. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.004
Carpenter, B. D. & Buday, S. (2007). Computer Use among Older Adults in a Naturally Occurring Retirement Community. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 3012-3024. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2006.08.015
Castells, M. (2001). Internet y la Sociedad Red. Recuperado de: http://tecnologiaedu.us.es/nweb/htm/pdf/106.pdf
Dias, I. (2012). O uso das tecnologías digitais entre os seniores. Motivaçoes e intereses. Sociología, problemas e práticas, 68, 51-77. doi: 10.7458/SPP201268693
DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Celeste, C. & Shafer, S. (2004). Digital Inequality: From Unequal Access to Differentiated Use. In K. Neckerman (Ed.), Social Inequality, (pp. 355-400). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Falk, I. & Kilpatrick, S. (2000). What is social capital? A study of interaction in a rural community. Sociologia Ruralis, 40(1), 87-110.
García, A., López de Ayala, M.C. & Catalina, B. (2013). Hábitos de uso en Internet y en las redes sociales de adolescentes españoles. Comunicar, 41, 195-204. doi: 10.3916/C41-2013-19
Godfrey, M. & Johnson, O. (2009). Digital circles of support: Meeting the information needs of older people. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 633-642. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.016
Greenhow, C. & Gleason, B. (2012). Twitteracy: Tweeting as a New Literacy Practice. The Educational Forum, 76(4), 464-478. doi: 10.1080/00131725.2012.709032
Greenhow, C. & Burton, L. (2011). Help from my “friends”: Social capital in the social network sites of low-income students. J. Educational Computing Research, 45(2), 223-245. doi: 10.2190/EC.45.2.f
Greenhow, C. & Robelia, B. (2009). Informal learning and identity formation in online social networks. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 119-140. doi: 10.1080/17439880902923580
Hall, R. (2009). Towards a Fusion of Formal and Informal Learning Environments: the Impact of the Read/Write Web. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 7(1), 29-40.
Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital Na(t)ives? Variation in Internet Skills and Uses among Members of the «Net Generation». Sociological Inquiry, 80(1), 92-113. Doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x
Herrero, J., Meneses, J., Valente, L. & Rodríguez, F. (2004). Participación social en entornos virtuales. Psicothema, 16(3), 456-460.
Hew, K. F. & Cheung, W. S. (2012). Use of Facebook: a case study of Singapore students’ experience. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 32(2), 181-196. doi: 10.1080/02188791.2012.685560
Hilbert, M. (2011). Digital gender divide or technologically empowered women in developing countries? A typical case of lies, damned lies, and statistics. Women's Studies International Forum, 34(6), 479-489. doi: 10.1016/j.wsif.2011.07.001
Huber, L. & Watson, C. (2014). Technology: Education and Training Needs of Older Adults. Educational Gerontology, 40(1), 16-25. doi: 10.1080/03601277.2013.768064
Jiménez-Cortés, R., “Autora 3”, A., García-Pérez, R. & Buzón-García, O. (en prensa). Motivos de uso de las redes sociales virtuales: análisis de perfiles de mujeres rurales. RELIEVE.
Joinson, N. A. (2008). Looking at’, ‘Looking up’ or ‘Keeping up with’ People? Motives and uses of Facebook. CHI 2008 Proceedings: 1027-1036.
Kilpatrick, S., Field, J. & Falk, I. (2003). Social Capital: an analytical tool for exploring lifelong learning and community development. British Educational Research Journal, 29(3), 417-433. doi: 10.1080/0141192031000156024
Kollock, P. & Smith, M.A. (2003). Comunidades en el ciberespacio. Barcelona: UOC.
LaRose, R., Gregg, J. L., Strover, S., Straubhaar, J. & Carpenter, S. (2007). Closing the rural broadband gap: Promoting adoption of the Internet in rural America. Telecommunications Policy, 31, 359-373. doi: 10.1016/j.telpol.2007.04.004
Lin, K. & Lu, H. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1152-1161. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009
Livingstone, S. & Helsper, E. (2007). Gradations in digital inclusion: Children, young people, and the digital divide. New Media and Society, 9(4), 671-696. doi: 10.1177/1461444807080335
Mayorga, M. J. (2004). La entrevista cualitativa como técnica de la evaluación de la docencia universitaria. RELIEVE, 10 (1), 23-39.
Meyers, E. M., Erickson, I. & Small, R. V. (2013). Digital literacy and informal learning environments: an introduction. Learning, Media and Technology, 38(4), 355-367. doi: 10.1080/17439884.2013.783597
Muscanell, N. & Guadagno, R. (2012). Make new friends or keep the old: Gender and personality differences in social networking use. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 107-112. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.08.016
Novo-Corti, I., Varela-Candamio, L. & García-Álvarez, T. (2014). Breaking the walls of social exclusion of women rural by means of ICTs: The case of “digital divides” in Galician. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 497-507. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.017
Papacharissi, Z. & Mendelson, A. (2011). Toward a new(er) sociability: uses, gratifications and social capital on Facebook. In S. Papathanassopoulos (Ed.), Media Perspectives for the 21st Century. New York: Routledge (pp. 212-230).
Pfeil, U., Arjan, R. & Zaphiris, P. (2009). Age differences in online social networking – A study of user profiles and the social capital divide among teenagers and older users in MySpace. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 643-654. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.015
Plan de inclusión digital y empleabilidad (2013). Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Turismo. Recuperado de http://www.agendadigital.gob.es/planesactuaciones/Bibliotecainclusion/1.%20Plan/Plan-ADpE-7_Inclusion-Empleabilidad.pdf
Sánchez-Franco, M. J., Buitrago-Esquinas, E. M. & Hernández-Mogollón, J. M. (2012). Antecedentes sociales y psicológicos del compromiso comunitario. Un análisis del comportamiento del usuario de una red social de relaciones. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, 15, 205-220. doi: 10.1016/j.cede.2012.04.007
Sancho, J. M. (2009). Dones a la ciència i la universitat: la construcció de la identitat docent i investigadora en contextos de desigualtat. Barcelona: AGAUR.
Simsek, E. & Simsek, A. (2013). New Literacies for Digital Citizenship. Contemporary Educational Technology, 4(2), 126-137.
Sloep, P. & Berlanga, A. (2011). Redes de aprendizaje, aprendizaje en red. Comunicar, 37(19), 55-64. doi: 10.3916/C37-2011-02-05
Straubhaar, J., Spence, J., Tufekci, Z. & Lentz, R. (Eds.) (2012). Inequity in the technopolis. Race, Class, Gender, and the Digital Divide in Austin. University of Texas Press.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. London: Sage.
Tosun, L. P. (2012). Motives for Facebook use and expressing ‘‘true self’’ on the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1510-1517. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.018
van Dijk, J. (2005). The deepening divide: inequality in the information society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pub.
Vázquez-Gómez, G. (2003). Sociedad-red, ciudadanía cognitiva y educación. Revista de Educación, núm. extraordinario, 13-31.
Vergés, N., Hache, A. & Cruells, E. (2011). Indagando en la relevancia de Internet en el acceso, uso y deseos de las TIC por parte de las mujeres en las TIC. TESI, 12(2), 105-121.
Wagner, I., Birbaumer, A. & Tolar, M. (2003). Widening Women’s Work in Information and Communication Technology. Professional trajectories and Biographies. Information Society Technologies Programme (IST Fifth Framework Programme, European Commission, DG Information Society).
Yang, C. C & Brown, B. (2013). Motives for Using Facebook, Patterns of Facebook Activities, and Late Adolescents. Social Adjustment to College. J Youth Adolescence, 42, 403–416. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9836-x